Violations and revocations are the outcomes of failing to comply with conditions imposed by the courts (probation) or parole boards (parole.) If the authorizing body (probation or parole) deems the individual not to be in compliance with the conditions set forth, the legal status can be rescinded, and the individual's probation or parole is revoked, often with a return to incarceration or return to the community with additional or revised conditions.

Pathways to Success on Probation
Date: October 2021
This study from the CUNY Institute for State and Local Governance explores the driving forces of violations and revocations.

Probation Revocation and Its Causes: Profiles of State and Local Jurisdictions
Date: 2016
The Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice through the University of Minnesota provides several articles on causes of probation revocations through profiles of various state and local jurisdictions.

Indiana University Public Policy Institute Center for Health and Justice Research
Date: June 2021
The Indiana University’s Public Policy Institute provides this review of probation revocations in Monroe County, Indiana. The review includes overall revocation trends, individual-level factors, and systems-level factors for revocations. In addition, it summarizes several operational implications through client characteristics and combinations of the client, officer, and system behaviors through supervision.

Just the Facts: Revocations for Failure to Comply with Supervision Conditions and Sentencing Outcomes
Date: June 2022
This Federal Probation article highlights the cause of revocations for technical violations while on supervised released.

Technical Revocations of Probation in One Jurisdiction: Uncovering the Hidden Realities
Date: December 2015
This exploratory study from Federal Probation sought to determine if there were any factors contributing to technical revocations in the jurisdiction not previously considered by either local or state officials, or that have not been thoroughly reviewed in the scholarly literature.

Research in Brief:  Drug Testing as a Condition of Supervision
Date: May 2020
This research by the Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice reviews the pros and cons of drug testing from various studies and practices across jurisdictions and the impact on reducing recidivism.